1Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan
2Department of Law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Pakistan
3Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnical Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
4Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qurra University, KSA, Saudi Arabia
5Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol, 1200, Türkiye
6Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia
7Department of Neurology, Neuroceuta, (Virgen de Africa Clinic), Spain
8Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, USA
Abstract
The mouth, often known as the oral cavity, is an essential multipurpose doorway for both communication and digesting. Anatomically speaking, it consists of parts like the lips, tongue, teeth, palate, gums, cheeks, and floor of the mouth, each of which has a specific role to play in how it functions. In terms of function, the mouth cavity is essential for chewing, salivation (which starts the process of enzymatic digestion), speaking, taste perception, and the first phases of swallowing. Here, saliva and teeth work together to mechanically break down food, and enzymes start the process of breaking down carbohydrates. The mouth cavity is also necessary for producing speech sounds and using the tongue's taste buds to identify flavors. Generally speaking, the oral cavity is an essential junction point for sensory and digestive processes, emphasizing its significance in both physiological processes.
Introduction
Saliva is viscous mucoid, viscous fluid that is generated by several sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and serves to lubricate and preserve moisture in the mucosa of the mouth. The mouth is essential for the first absorption and digestion of food and water, as well as for the production of speech and regular breathing. (McQuilken et al.,2024; Ethunandan et al.,2015). Food particles are broken down and crushed by the teeth, the main dental organs, into tiny enough pieces for the body to absorb.Food is compressed and forced onto the palate by the tongue, which aids in digestion. As a result, a bolus forms and is subsequently ingested through the esophagus.Because the tongue's dorsal surface has numerous papillae, which function as taste buds, humans are also able to detect flavors
(Matsuo et al.,2013). The mouth, also referred to as the oral cavity, is a vital orifice that aids in digestion and speech within the human body. (Bruch et al.,2010; Kitamoto et al.,2020). The mouth cavity is necessary for the entire process of getting food ready for consumption, from the enzymatic start of digestion through saliva synthesis in the salivary glands, to the mechanical breakdown of food by chewing (chewing), which is made possible by the teeth. Additionally, it is essential for communication because it allows the tongue, lips, and palate to move in unison. (Hanson et al.,2003). Saliva is the viscous, white, opalescent liquid that inhabits the lips of vertebrates, including humans. Water, mucus, proteins, mineral salts, and amylase make up its composition. (Mese et al.,2007; Logemann et al.,2007; Gordon et al.,2009; Roper et al.,2017)
Conclusion
In conclusion, the mouth serves as a vital gateway for the human body's speaking and digestive systems. It is composed of a complex network of tissues, which includes the palate, cheeks, floor of the mouth, teeth, gums, and lips. Together, these anatomical structures facilitate essential bodily processes such as chewing, salivation, speech, taste perception, and the initial phases of swallowing.
